About the Authors

Garry R. Brock

Affiliation Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Grace Kim

Affiliation Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Anthony R. Ingraffea

Affiliation School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Joy C. Andrews

Affiliation Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California, United States of America

Piero Pianetta

Affiliation Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California, United States of America

Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen

mcv3@cornell.edu

Affiliations Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GRB GK ARI JCA PP MCHV. Performed the experiments: GRB GK JCA MCHV. Analyzed the data: GRB GK JCA MCHV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AI JCA PP MCHV. Wrote the paper: GRB JCA MCHV.