About the Authors

Xuhong Hou

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China

Juming Lu

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China

Jianping Weng

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Guangzhou, China

Linong Ji

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

Zhongyan Shan

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

Jie Liu

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Province People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

Haoming Tian

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Qiuhe Ji

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

Dalong Zhu

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Jiapu Ge

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region’s Hospital, Urmqi, Xinjiang, China

Lixiang Lin

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujiang, China

Li Chen

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

Xiaohui Guo

Affiliation Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China

Zhigang Zhao

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

Qiang Li

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Zhiguang Zhou

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xiangya Second Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China

Guangliang Shan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Zhaojun Yang

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

Wenying Yang

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

Weiping Jia

wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China

for the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group

Members of the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group are listed in Appendix S1

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XH WJ. Performed the experiments: XH JL JW LJ ZS JL HT QJ DZ JG LL LC XG Z. Zhou QL Z. Zhao GS ZY WY WJ. Analyzed the data: XH ZY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL JW LJ ZS JL HT QJ DZ JG LL LC XG Z. Zhou QL Z. Zhao GS ZY WY WJ. Wrote the paper: XH WJ.