About the Authors

Christophe Paupy

christophe.paupy@ird.fr (CP); franck.prugnolle@ird.fr (FP)

Affiliations Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD Montpellier, France, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon

Boris Makanga

Affiliations Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon

Benjamin Ollomo

Affiliation Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon

Nil Rahola

Affiliations Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD Montpellier, France, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon

Patrick Durand

Affiliation Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD Montpellier, France

Julie Magnus

Affiliation Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon

Eric Willaume

Affiliation Parc de la Lékédi, ERMAET/COMILOG, Bakoumba, Gabon

François Renaud

Affiliation Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD Montpellier, France

Didier Fontenille

Affiliation Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD Montpellier, France

Franck Prugnolle

christophe.paupy@ird.fr (CP); franck.prugnolle@ird.fr (FP)

Affiliations Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224-5290 CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD Montpellier, France, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CP FP. Performed the experiments: CP BM BO NR PD JM EW FP. Analyzed the data: CP BM PD FP. Wrote the paper: CP FR DF FP.