About the Authors
- Andrea Icks
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* E-mail: andrea.icks@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de
Affiliations Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Bernd Albers
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Affiliation Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Burkhard Haastert
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Affiliation mediStatistica, Neuenrade, Germany
- Sonali Pechlivanis
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Noreen Pundt
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Uta Slomiany
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Raimund Erbel
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Affiliation Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Karl-Heinz Jöckel
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
- Johannes Kruse
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Affiliation Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Gießen/Marburg, Gießen, Germany
- Bernd Kulzer
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Affiliation Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim and Diabetes Centre Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
- Bettina Nowotny
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Affiliation Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Christian Herder
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Affiliation Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Guido Giani
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Affiliation Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Susanne Moebus
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Affiliation Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
Competing Interests
The authors have the following interests: Co-author Burkhard Haastert is self employed working in his company mediStatistica. Co-author Christian Herder is Academic Editor with PlOS ONE. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Project leader: AI. Developed the conception and design of the study: AI. Project management: BA. Contributed biometric/statistical expertise: GG K-HJ. Contributed to the study design and methodology: RE K-HJ SM. Guarantors of the Heinz Nixdorf Research Study: RE K-HJ SM. Contributed clinical expertise: BN CH JK. Reviewed the manuscript and made substantial contributions to subsequent drafts: BA BH SP NP US RE K-HJ JK BK BN CH GG SM AI. Approved the final manuscript: BA BH SP NP US RE K-HJ JK BK BN CH GG SM AI. Conceived and designed the experiments: BA BH SP NP US RE K-HJ JK BK BN CH GG SM AI. Analyzed the data: BH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BN SP US. Wrote the paper: AI BA.