About the Authors

Jeffrey T. Kullgren

jkullgre@med.umich.edu

Affiliations Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Kevin G. Volpp

Affiliations Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Penn-Carnegie Mellon University Roybal P30 Center on Behavioral Economics and Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Health Equity Research & Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Health Care Management, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Daniel Polsky

Affiliations Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Penn-Carnegie Mellon University Roybal P30 Center on Behavioral Economics and Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Health Care Management, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JTK KGV DEP. Performed the experiments: JTK. Acquired data: JTK. Drafted the manuscript: JTK DEP. Critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content: JTK KGV DEP. Obtained funding: JTK. Supervised study: KGV DEP. Analyzed the data: JTK. Wrote the paper: JTK KGV DEP.