About the Authors

Michael F. Hill

Contributed equally to this work with: Michael F. Hill, Amish V. Patel

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Amish V. Patel

Contributed equally to this work with: Michael F. Hill, Amish V. Patel

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Abigail Murphy

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Holly M. Smith

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Cristi L. Galindo

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Laura Pentassuglia

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Xuyang Peng

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Carrie G. Lenneman

Current address: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville. Kentucky, United States of America

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Oghenerukevwe Odiete

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

David B. Friedman

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Marvin W. Kronenberg

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Siyuen Zheng

Affiliation Biomedical Informatics and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Zhongming Zhao

Affiliation Biomedical Informatics and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Yanna Song

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Frank E. Harrell Jr

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Maya Srinivas

Affiliation Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., Hawthorne, New York, United States of America

Anindita Ganguly

Affiliation Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., Hawthorne, New York, United States of America

Jennifer Iaci

Affiliation Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., Hawthorne, New York, United States of America

Tom J. Parry

Affiliation Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., Hawthorne, New York, United States of America

Anthony O. Caggiano

Affiliation Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., Hawthorne, New York, United States of America

Douglas B. Sawyer

douglas.b.sawyer@Vanderbilt.Edu

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Competing Interests

Douglas Sawyer has received research support from Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. that helped to fund parts of this study. Several authors as noted on the title page are employees of Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., a company that is developing GGF2 for the treatment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease. The authors note that these competing interests do not alter their adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MFH AVP AM HMS CLG LP XP CGL OO DBF MWK SZ ZZ YS FEH MS AG JI TJP AOC DBS. Performed the experiments: MFH AVP AM HMS CLG LP XP CGL OO DBF MWK SZ ZZ DBS. Analyzed the data: MFH AVP AM HMS CLG LP XP CGL OO DBF MWK SZ ZZ YS FEH MS AG JI TJP AOC DBS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DBF SZ ZZ YS FEH MS AG JI TJP AOC. Wrote the paper: MFH AVP AM HMS CLG LP XP CGL OO DBF MWK SZ ZZ YS FEH MS AG JI TJP AOC DBS.