About the Authors

Dhananjay T. Tambe

dhananjay@alumni.brown.edu

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ugo Croutelle

Affiliation Department of Physics, University Paris VII Diderot, Paris, France

Xavier Trepat

Affiliations Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - ICREA, Barcelona, Spain, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria - CIBERES, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Chan Young Park

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jae Hun Kim

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Emil Millet

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James P. Butler

Affiliations Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jeffrey J. Fredberg

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

3D traction analysis: JPB. Discussed and interpreted the results and commented on the manuscript: DTT UC XT CYP JHK EM JPB JJF. Conceived and designed the experiments: DTT JPB JJF. Performed the experiments: DTT UC. Analyzed the data: DTT JPB. Wrote the paper: DTT JPB JJF.