About the Authors

Matthew J. Oliver

moliver@udel.edu

Affiliation School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America

Andrew Irwin

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada

Mark A. Moline

Affiliation School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America

William Fraser

Affiliation Polar Oceans Research Group, Sheridan, Montana, United States of America

Donna Patterson

Affiliation Polar Oceans Research Group, Sheridan, Montana, United States of America

Oscar Schofield

Affiliation Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America

Josh Kohut

Affiliation Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MJO MAM WF DP OS. Performed the experiments: MJO MAM WF DP. Analyzed the data: MJO AI WF DP JK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MJO MAM WF DP OS JK. Wrote the paper: MJO AI.