About the Authors

Anthony G. Doufas

agdoufas@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Outcomes Research Consortium, the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Lu Tian

Affiliation Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Kevin A. Padrez

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Puntarica Suwanprathes

Current address: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Affiliation Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

James A. Cardell

Affiliation Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Holden T. Maecker

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Periklis Panousis

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AGD. Performed the experiments: AGD KAP JAC PP. Analyzed the data: AGD LT PS HTM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LT PS HTM. Wrote the paper: AGD LT PS HTM.