About the Authors

Melanie R. Smee

melaniesmee@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Yannick Pauchet

Affiliations Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany

Paul Wilkinson

Affiliations Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Brian Wee

Affiliation National Ecological Observatory Network Incorporated, Washington, D. C., United States of America

Michael C. Singer

Affiliation Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

Richard H. ffrench-Constant

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

David J. Hodgson

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Alexander S. Mikheyev

Affiliation Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MRS ASM DJH RHffC MCS. Performed the experiments: MRS YP PW. Analyzed the data: MRS ASM PW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BW MCS RHffC ASM. Wrote the paper: MRS.