About the Authors

Michael E. Hoffer

Contributed equally to this work with: Michael E. Hoffer, Carey Balaban

Michael.hoffer@med.navy.mil

Affiliation Spatial Orientation Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Carey Balaban

Contributed equally to this work with: Michael E. Hoffer, Carey Balaban

Affiliation Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Martin D. Slade

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Jack W. Tsao

Affiliation Wounded, Ill and Injured Directorate (M9), US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Barry Hoffer

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MEH CB. Performed the experiments: MEH. Analyzed the data: CB MS JT BH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CB JT. Wrote the paper: MEH CB MS JT BH.