About the Authors

Christopher Pell

c.l.pell@uva.nl

Affiliations Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Arantza Meñaca

Affiliation Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Florence Were

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya

Nana A. Afrah

Affiliation Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Samuel Chatio

Affiliation Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana

Lucinda Manda-Taylor

Affiliation College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

Mary J. Hamel

Affiliation Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Abraham Hodgson

Affiliation Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana

Harry Tagbor

Affiliations Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Linda Kalilani

Affiliation College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

Peter Ouma

Affiliations Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Robert Pool

Affiliations Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Made substantial contributions to data collection through supervising activities: AM CP RP MJH LK PO AH HT SC LMT. Critically revised the manuscript: AM RP MJH LK PO AH HT FW NA SC LMT. Agreed with the final version of the manuscript: AM RP MJH LK PO AH HT FW NA SC LMT. Conceived and designed the experiments: RP AM CP. Performed the experiments: AM CP FW NA SC LMT. Analyzed the data: CP AM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CP AM. Wrote the paper: CP.