About the Authors

Scott E. Nielsen

scottn@ualberta.ca

Affiliation Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Aaron B. A. Shafer

Affiliations Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Mark S. Boyce

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Gordon B. Stenhouse

Affiliation Foothills Research Institute and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Hinton, Alberta, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SN MB GS. Performed the experiments: SN AS. Analyzed the data: SN AS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SN AS MB GS. Wrote the paper: AS SN MB GS.