About the Authors

Joshua A. Cullen

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America

Takashi Maie

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America

Heiko L. Schoenfuss

Affiliation Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America

Richard W. Blob

rblob@clemson.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HLS RWB. Performed the experiments: TM HLS RWB. Analyzed the data: JAC TM RWB. Wrote the paper: JAC TM HLS RWB.