About the Authors

Joshua M. Diamond

Contributed equally to this work with: Joshua M. Diamond, Mary K. Porteous

joshua.diamond@uphs.upenn.edu

Affiliation Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mary K. Porteous

Contributed equally to this work with: Joshua M. Diamond, Mary K. Porteous

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Edward Cantu

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Nuala J. Meyer

Affiliation Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Rupal J. Shah

Affiliation Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

David J. Lederer

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America

Steven M. Kawut

Affiliations Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

James Lee

Affiliation Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Scarlett L. Bellamy

Affiliation Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Scott M. Palmer

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Vibha N. Lama

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Sangeeta M. Bhorade

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Maria Crespo

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ejigayehu Demissie

Affiliations Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Keith Wille

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Jonathan Orens

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Pali D. Shah

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ann Weinacker

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

David Weill

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Selim Arcasoy

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America

David S. Wilkes

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University Health Lung Transplant Program, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Lorraine B. Ware

These authors are equal senior authors.

Affiliation Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Jason D. Christie

These authors are equal senior authors.

Affiliations Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MD MKP NJM SMK RJS EC LBW SLB JDC. Performed the experiments: LBW. Analyzed the data: JMD MKP NJM SMK SLB SMP RJS LBW EC JDC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMD MKP DJL JL EC VNL SMB MC SLB ED KW JO AW DW SA PDS DSW LBW SMP JDC. Wrote the paper: Revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and provided final approval for the version to be submitted: JMD MKP NJM SMK DJL JL EC RJS SLB VNL SMB MC ED KW JO AW DW SA PDS DSW LBW SMP JDC.