About the Authors

Mika Saitoh

Affiliation Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan

Makoto Takeda

Affiliation Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Koichi Gotoh

Affiliation Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan

Fumihiko Takeuchi

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Tsuyoshi Sekizuka

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Makoto Kuroda

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Katsumi Mizuta

Affiliation Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, Japan

Akihide Ryo

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biodefence Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan

Ryota Tanaka

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Haruyuki Ishii

Affiliation Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Hayato Takada

Affiliation Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan

Kunihisa Kozawa

Affiliation Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan

Ayako Yoshida

Affiliation Aomori Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Aomori-shi, Aomori, Japan

Masahiro Noda

Affiliation Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Nobuhiko Okabe

Affiliation Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Hirokazu Kimura

kimhiro@nih.go.jp

Affiliations Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HK MT. Performed the experiments: MS HK KG KM AY MN. Analyzed the data: AR RT HI HT KK NO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FT TS MK. Wrote the paper: HK MS MT.