About the Authors

Hong Wang

hong.wang@gatesfoundation.org

Affiliations Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Yu Liu

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Yan Zhu

Affiliation Research Center for Healthcare Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Lei Xue

Affiliation Research Center for Healthcare Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Martha Dale

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Heather Sipsma

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Elizabeth Bradley

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HW EB. Performed the experiments: YL YZ LX. Analyzed the data: HW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HW. Wrote the paper: HW EB HS. Managed project, reviewed paper, provided comments and suggestions for revision: MD.