About the Authors

Clare M. Lee

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Manikhandan A. V. Mudaliar

Affiliation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

D. R. Haggart

Affiliation Epsistem Ltd., Manchester, United Kingdom

C. Roland Wolf

Affiliations University of Dundee Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom, CXR Biosciences Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom

Gino Miele

Affiliation Epsistem Ltd., Manchester, United Kingdom

J. Keith Vass

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Desmond J. Higham

d.j.higham@strath.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Daniel Crowther

Affiliation Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Competing Interests

DC was employed by Pfizer and legacy company Wyeth during the course of this work and is now employed by Sanofi. GM was employed by Pfizer and legacy company Wyeth during the course of this work and is now employed by Epistem. CRW is employed by CXR. Pfizer agreed to the publication of this manuscript. MM, DRH and JKV were funded through the TMRC. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CML MAVM DRH CRW GM JKV DJH DC. Performed the experiments: CML MAVM DRH CRW GM JKV DJH DC. Analyzed the data: CML MAVM JKV DJH DC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CML MAVM DRH CRW GM JKV DJH DC. Wrote the paper: CML MAVM JKV DJH DC.