About the Authors

Ashley M. Miller

Ashley.Miller@glasgow.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

David Purves

Affiliation Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Alex McConnachie

Affiliation Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Darren L. Asquith

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

G. David Batty

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Harry Burns

Affiliation Scottish Government, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jonathan Cavanagh

Affiliation Institute of Mental Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Ian Ford

Affiliation Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Jennifer S. McLean

Affiliation Centre for Population Health, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Chris J. Packard

Affiliation Glasgow Clinical Research Facility, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Paul G. Shiels

Affiliation Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Helen Turner

Affiliation Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Yoga N. Velupillai

Affiliation Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Kevin A. Deans

Affiliation Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Paul Welsh

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Iain B. McInnes

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Naveed Sattar

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AMM DP AM GDB HB JC IF JSM CJP PGS HT YNV KAD PW NS. Performed the experiments: AMM DP AM DLA JSM CJP HT YNV KAD. Analyzed the data: AMM DP AM GDB JSM HT YNV KAD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AMM DP AM JC IF JSM CJP PGS HT YNV KAD NS. Wrote the paper: AMM DP AM DLA GDB HB JC IF JSM CJP PGS HT YNV KAD PW IBM NS.