About the Authors

Des Field

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Maire Begley

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Paula M. O’Connor

Affiliation Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland

Karen M. Daly

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Floor Hugenholtz

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Paul D. Cotter

paul.cotter@teagasc.ie (PDC); c.hill@ucc.ie (CH)

Affiliations Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Colin Hill

paul.cotter@teagasc.ie (PDC); c.hill@ucc.ie (CH)

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

R. Paul Ross

Affiliations Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CH PDC MB DF. Performed the experiments: DF MB KD FH PO. Analyzed the data: DF MB PO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CH RPR. Wrote the paper: DF.