About the Authors

Mohammed A. Mohammed

M.A.Mohammed@Bham.ac.uk

Affiliation Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Gavin Rudge

Affiliation Public Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Gordon Wood

Affiliation George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Gary Smith

Affiliation Centre of Postgraduate Medical Research & Education, The School of Health & Social Care, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, Dorset, United Kingdom

Vishal Nangalia

Affiliation Centre for Anaesthesia, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom

David Prytherch

Affiliation Centre for Healthcare Modelling and Informatics, School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Roger Holder

Affiliation Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Jim Briggs

Affiliation Centre for Healthcare Modelling and Informatics, School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived the idea: MAM RH VN JB. Undertook the primary analyses and drafted the manuscript: MAM GS. Helped obtain the data and linked the various databases: GR DP. Provided a clinical perspective: GW GS. Gave statistical guidance: RH. Contributed to the final manuscript: MAM GR GW GS VN DP RH JB. Study guarantor: MAM.