About the Authors

Matthew M. Hufford

Contributed equally to this work with: Matthew M. Hufford, Graham Richardson

Affiliations The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Graham Richardson

Contributed equally to this work with: Matthew M. Hufford, Graham Richardson

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, Center for Cell Signaling, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Haixia Zhou

Affiliation The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Balaji Manicassamy

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America

Adolfo García-Sastre

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America

Richard I. Enelow

Affiliation Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America

Thomas J. Braciale

tjb2r@virginia.edu

Affiliations The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MMH GR TJB. Performed the experiments: MMH GR HZ. Analyzed the data: MMH GR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BM AGS RIE TJB. Wrote the paper: MMH GR TJB. Revised manuscript: AGS RIE TJB.