About the Authors

Sam Mavandadi

Affiliations Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Steve Feng

Contributed equally to this work with: Steve Feng, Frank Yu

Affiliations Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Frank Yu

Contributed equally to this work with: Steve Feng, Frank Yu

Affiliations Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Stoyan Dimitrov

Affiliations Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Karin Nielsen-Saines

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

William R. Prescott

Affiliation Hydas World Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Aydogan Ozcan

ozcan@ucla.edu

Affiliations Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SM AO. Performed the experiments: SM SF FY SD AO. Analyzed the data: SM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SM SF FY SD KN WP AO. Wrote the paper: SM AO.