About the Authors

Ariadne Letra

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Walid Fakhouri

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Renata F. Fonseca

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Center of Health Sciences; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Renato Menezes

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Inga Kempa

Affiliations Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia, Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia

Joanne L. Prasad

Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Toby G. McHenry

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Andrew C. Lidral

Affiliation Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Lina Moreno

Affiliation Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Jeffrey C. Murray

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Sandra Daack-Hirsch

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Mary L. Marazita

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Eduardo E. Castilla

Affiliations ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at CEMIC (Center of Medical Education and Clinical Research “Norberto Quirno”), Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET (National Research Council of Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina, iNaGeMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Baiba Lace

Affiliation Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia

Ieda M. Orioli

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, iNaGeMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Jose M. Granjeiro

Affiliation Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil and INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil

Brian C. Schutte

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Alexandre R. Vieira

arv11@pitt.edu

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ARV BCS JMG IMO EEC MLM ACL JCM BL AL. Performed the experiments: AL RM RFF IK WF LM. Analyzed the data: AL WF RFF RM IK JLP THM LM SDH BCS ARV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ARV BCS JMG IMO EEC JLP MLM BL. Wrote the paper: AL ARV BCS.