About the Authors

Anna Villnäs

anna.villnas@environment.fi

Affiliations Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland, Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland

Joanna Norkko

Affiliation Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland

Kaarina Lukkari

Affiliation Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Judi Hewitt

Affiliation National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hillcrest, New Zealand

Alf Norkko

Affiliation Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AV AN JN. Performed the experiments: AV AN JN. Analyzed the data: AV JH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AV KL AN JN JH. Wrote the paper: AV AN JH JN KL. Critically revised, improved, and approved the final manuscript: AN JN KL JH.