About the Authors

Yongfeng Li

Affiliation Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Hong Qian

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Ya Wang

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Francis A. Cucinotta

francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov

Affiliation NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FC HQ YW. Performed the experiments: FC YL. Wrote the paper: FC YL.