Novel Insights into the Echinoderm Nervous System from Histaminergic and FMRFaminergic-Like Cells in the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki

Luke A. Hoekstra; Leonid L. Moroz; Andreas Heyland

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044220

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Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Novel Insights into the Echinoderm Nervous System from Histaminergic and FMRFaminergic-Like Cells in the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki

Luke A. Hoekstra,

Affiliations Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
⨯
Leonid L. Moroz,

Affiliations Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
⨯
Andreas Heyland

* E-mail: aheyland@uoguelph.ca

Affiliations Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
⨯

Novel Insights into the Echinoderm Nervous System from Histaminergic and FMRFaminergic-Like Cells in the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki

Luke A. Hoekstra,
Leonid L. Moroz,
Andreas Heyland

Published: September 6, 2012
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044220

About the Authors

Luke A. Hoekstra

Affiliations Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America

Leonid L. Moroz

Affiliations Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Andreas Heyland

* E-mail: aheyland@uoguelph.ca

Affiliations Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LAH AH. Performed the experiments: LAH LLM AH. Analyzed the data: LAH AH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LLM AH. Wrote the paper: LAH AH.

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Histamine
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Echinoderms
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Nervous system
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Neurons
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Sensory perception
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Sea cucumbers
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Immunohistochemistry techniques
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Muscle contraction
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