About the Authors

Jatinder S. Sangha

Affiliation Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada

Xiaoli Sun

Affiliations Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Owen S. D. Wally

Affiliation Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada

Kaibin Zhang

Affiliations Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Xiuhong Ji

Affiliation Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada

Zhimin Wang

Affiliation Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Yanwen Wang

Affiliations Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada

Jeffrey Zidichouski

Affiliation Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada

Balakrishnan Prithiviraj

bprithiviraj@nsac.ca (BP); Junzeng.zhang@nrc.gc.ca (JZ)

Affiliation Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada

Junzeng Zhang

bprithiviraj@nsac.ca (BP); Junzeng.zhang@nrc.gc.ca (JZ)

Affiliations Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada

Competing Interests

B. Prithiviraj's lab was supported partially on the C. elegant model development by Acadian Seaplants Limited and the authors are grateful to Henan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanyang, China who provided LWDH with extracts used in this study. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZW YW J. Zidichouski BP J. Zhang. Performed the experiments: JSS XS OSDW KZ XJ. Analyzed the data: JSS XS OSDW KZ XJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BP J. Zhang. Wrote the paper: BP J. Zhang.