About the Authors

Theodore M. Hammett

ted_hammett@abtassoc.com

Affiliation Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Don C. Des Jarlais

Affiliation Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Ryan Kling

Affiliation Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Binh Thanh Kieu

Affiliation Abt Associates Inc., Hanoi, Vietnam

Janet M. McNicholl

Affiliation DHAP, Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Punneeporn Wasinrapee

Affiliation Thai Ministry of Public Health-US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand

J. Stephen McDougal

Affiliation National Center for HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Wei Liu

Affiliation Guangxi Center for Disease Control, Nanning, China

Yi Chen

Affiliation Guangxi Center for Disease Control, Nanning, China

Donghua Meng

Affiliation Ning Ming County Health Department, Ning Ming City (Guangxi), China

Ngu Doan

† Deceased.

Affiliation Abt Associates Inc., Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Tho Huu Nguyen

Affiliation Lang Son Provincial HIV/AIDS Center, Lang Son City, Vietnam

Quyen Ngoc Hoang

Affiliation Ha Giang Provincial Health Services, Ha Giang City, Vietnam

Tren Van Hoang

Affiliation Ha Giang Provincial Health Services, Ha Giang City, Vietnam

Competing Interests

Authors TMH, RK, and BTK are employees of Abt Associates Inc., a for-profit, employee-owned research and consulting firm based in the U.S. This employment relationship does not involve any competing interests of any kind, including those related to patents, products in development, or marketed products, nor does this relationship alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TMH DCDJ RK BTK WL YC DM ND THN QNH TVH. Performed the experiments: JMM PW. Analyzed the data: TMH RK BTK JMM JSM DCDJ. Wrote the paper: TMH DCDJ RK JMM.