About the Authors

Tristan W. Fowler

Contributed equally to this work with: Tristan W. Fowler, Kent D. McKelvey

Affiliations Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Kent D. McKelvey

Contributed equally to this work with: Tristan W. Fowler, Kent D. McKelvey

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Nisreen S. Akel

Affiliations Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Jaclyn Vander Schilden

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Anthony W. Bacon

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

John W. Bracey

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Timothy Sowder

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Robert A. Skinner

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Frances L. Swain

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

William R. Hogue

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Donna B. Leblanc

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Dana Gaddy

Affiliations Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Galen R. Wenger

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Larry J. Suva

suvalarryj@uams.edu

Affiliations Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KDM LJS GRW DG. Performed the experiments: TWF NSA JVS AWB JWB TS RAS FLS DBL WRH. Analyzed the data: LJS DG NSA TWF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KDM DBL. Wrote the paper: LJS DG GAW KDM TWF.