About the Authors

Zhenhong Wang

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

Nan Ma

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

John Riley

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

William M. Armstead

liur@uphs.upenn.edu (RL); William.Armstead@uphs.upenn.edu (WMA)

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Renyu Liu

liur@uphs.upenn.edu (RL); William.Armstead@uphs.upenn.edu (WMA)

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZW WA RL. Performed the experiments: ZW JR WA RL. Analyzed the data: ZW NM JR WA RL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WA RL. Wrote the paper: ZW NM WA RL.