About the Authors

Anna V. Goropashnaya

agoropashnaya@alaska.edu

Affiliations Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Vadim B. Fedorov

Affiliation Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Bernhard Seifert

Affiliation Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz, Germany

Pekka Pamilo

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AG PP. Performed the experiments: AG. Analyzed the data: AG VF PP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AG PP BS. Wrote the paper: AG VF PP BS.