About the Authors

Richard Kasch

richard.kasch@uni-greifswald.de

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Birger Mensel

Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Florian Schmidt

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Wolf Drescher

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

Ralf Pfuhl

Affiliation Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany

Sebastian Ruetten

Affiliation Department of Spine Surgery and Pain Therapy, Center for Orthopedics and Traumatology, St. Anna-Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany

Harry R. Merk

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Ralph Kayser

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: ArthroCare Deutschland, Remscheid, provided the technical equipment needed for nucleoplasty. The authors received for their project the nucleoplasty Convenience Pack (DLR SpineWand and sterile 17-gauge Crawford needle (6”) with mandrin) from ArthroCare Germany. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: R. Kasch R. Kayser HM BM. Performed the experiments: R. Kasch FS BM R. Kayser RP. Analyzed the data: R. Kasch FS BM R. Kayser WD SR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RP. Wrote the paper: R. Kasch R. Kayser FS SR WD HM.