About the Authors

Petra Klepac

pklepac@alum.mit.edu

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Ottar N. Bjørnstad

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

C. Jessica E. Metcalf

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Bryan T. Grenfell

Affiliations Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BG OB PK. Wrote the paper: PK OB BG CM. Developed mathematical models: PK BG OB CM. Designed the algorithms used in research: PK. Analyzed the models and results: PK CM OB BG.