About the Authors

Ashwin Balagopal

abalago1@jhmi.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Lucio Gama

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Veronica Franco

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Julia N. Russell

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jeffrey Quinn

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Yvonne Higgins

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Laura M. Smeaton

Affiliation Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Janice E. Clements

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

David L. Thomas

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Amita Gupta

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

for the NWCS 319 and ACTG 5175 study team

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AB LG JEC DLT AG. Performed the experiments: LG VF JQ JNR. Analyzed the data: AB LG VF JQ YH JNR LMS JEC DLT AG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JEC DLT AG. Wrote the paper: AB LG DLT AG.