About the Authors

Minli Wang

Affiliation Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Megumi Hada

Affiliation Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Janapriya Saha

Affiliation Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Deepa M. Sridharan

Affiliation Department of Cancer and DNA Damage Responses, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Janice M. Pluth

Affiliation Department of Cancer and DNA Damage Responses, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Francis A. Cucinotta

francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov

Affiliation Space Radiation Program, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors declare there is no competing financial interest in relation to the work described.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FAC MW JMP. Performed the experiments: MW MH JS DS. Analyzed the data: MW FAC. Wrote the paper: FAC MW.