About the Authors

Ibrahim Hamad

Affiliation URMITE UMR-IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

Cheikh Sokhna

Affiliation IRD, UMR-IRD 198, Dakar, Sénégal

Didier Raoult

Affiliation URMITE UMR-IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

Fadi Bittar

fadi.bittar@univ-amu.fr

Affiliation URMITE UMR-IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DR FB. Performed the experiments: IH. Analyzed the data: IH CS DR FB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IH CS. Wrote the paper: IH DR FB.