About the Authors

Loren H. Engrav

engrav@u.washington.edu

Affiliation Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

David M. Heimbach

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Frederick P. Rivara

Affiliations Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Kathleen F. Kerr

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Turner Osler

Affiliation Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

Tam N. Pham

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sam R. Sharar

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Peter C. Esselman

Affiliation Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Eileen M. Bulger

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Gretchen J. Carrougher

Affiliation Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Shari Honari

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nicole S. Gibran

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LE DH FR KK TO TP SS GC NG. Performed the experiments: LE FR KK TO GC SH NG. Analyzed the data: LE DH FR KK TO TP SS PE EB GC NG. Wrote the paper: LE DH FR KK TO TP SS PE EB GC SH NG.