About the Authors

Christopher R. Sudfeld

csudfeld@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Molin Wang

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Said Aboud

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Edward L. Giovannucci

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ferdinand M. Mugusi

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Wafaie W. Fawzi

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SA FM WWF. Analyzed the data: CRS MW. Wrote the paper: CRS MW SA ELG FMM WWF. Developed the data analysis plan: CRS MW ELG WWF.