About the Authors

Masamitsu Tanaka

Affiliations Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Pawel Mroz

Affiliations Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Tianhong Dai

Affiliations Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Liyi Huang

Affiliations Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yuji Morimoto

moyan@ndmc.ac.jp (YM); hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.edu (MRH)

Affiliation Department of Integrated Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Manabu Kinoshita

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Yasuo Yoshihara

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Koichi Nemoto

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Nariyoshi Shinomiya

Affiliation Department of Integrated Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Suhji Seki

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

Michael R. Hamblin

moyan@ndmc.ac.jp (YM); hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.edu (MRH)

Affiliations Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MT PM YM MRH. Performed the experiments: MT TD LH MK. Analyzed the data: MT TD MK YY KN NS SS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MRH. Wrote the paper: MT YM MRH.