About the Authors

Mary Jane Brown

brown-m7@email.ulster.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Nursing Research, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland

Marlene Sinclair

Affiliation Institute of Nursing Research, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland

Dianne Liddle

Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland

Alyson J. Hill

Affiliation School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland

Elaine Madden

Affiliation Head of Midwifery and Gynaecology, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland

Janine Stockdale

Affiliation School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Performed the experiments: MJB. Analyzed the data: MJB. Wrote the paper: MJB. Overall conceptual design, project planning, data verification and editing of paper: MS. Expertise in systematic reviewing, data analyses, drafting and editing the paper: DL. Expert in nutritional analyses, drafting and editing the paper: AJH. Theory expert and data analyses, drafting and editing the paper: JS. Clinical midwifery researcher expertise, application of the research to practice and editing the paper: EM.