About the Authors

Eliseo Papa

Affiliation Harvard/MIT Health Science and Technology Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael Docktor

Affiliation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher Smillie

Affiliation Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sarah Weber

Affiliation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sarah P. Preheim

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dirk Gevers

Affiliation The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Georgia Giannoukos

Affiliation The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dawn Ciulla

Affiliation The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Diana Tabbaa

Affiliation The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jay Ingram

Affiliation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David B. Schauer

† Deceased.

Affiliations Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Doyle V. Ward

Affiliation The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joshua R. Korzenik

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ramnik J. Xavier

Affiliations The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Athos Bousvaros

Contributed equally to this work with: Athos Bousvaros, Eric J. Alm

athos.bousvaros@childrens.harvard.edu (AB); ejalm@mit.edu (EJA)

Affiliation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eric J. Alm

Contributed equally to this work with: Athos Bousvaros, Eric J. Alm

athos.bousvaros@childrens.harvard.edu (AB); ejalm@mit.edu (EJA)

Affiliations Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EP EJA AB DBS JRK DG DJW. Performed the experiments: MD AB DBS DG GG DC DT DJW SPP. Analyzed the data: EP CS DG SW JI. Wrote the paper: EP EJA AB. Critically reviewed the manuscript: RJX.