About the Authors

Alison C. Roxby

aroxby@u.washington.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Alison L. Drake

Affiliation Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Francisca Ongecha-Owuor

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

James N. Kiarie

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Barbra Richardson

Affiliations Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Daniel N. Matemo

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Julie Overbaugh

Affiliation Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sandra Emery

Affiliation Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Grace C. John-Stewart

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Anna Wald

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Carey Farquhar

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Wald has the following conflicts: she has received grant support from GlaxoSmithKline and Antigenics and has consulted for AiCuris and Agenus. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ACR ALD BR JNK GJS AW CF. Performed the experiments: ACR ALD FOO JNK DNM JO SE BR GJS CF. Analyzed the data: ACR ALD BR JNK GJS AW CF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JO SE. Wrote the paper: ACR ALD FOO JNK BR DNM JO SE GJS AW CF.