About the Authors

Marie Standl

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Eva Lattka

Affiliation Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Barbara Stach

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Sibylle Koletzko

Affiliation University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany

Carl-Peter Bauer

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Andrea von Berg

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany

Dietrich Berdel

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany

Ursula Krämer

Affiliation IUF, Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung at the University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Beate Schaaf

Affiliation Medical Practice for Pediatrics, Bad Honnef, Germany

Stefan Röder

Affiliation Department for Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

Olf Herbarth

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Hygiene, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Anette Buyken

Affiliation Research Institute of Child Nutrition, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany

Tim Drogies

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Joachim Thiery

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Berthold Koletzko

Affiliation University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany

Joachim Heinrich

heinrich@helmholtz-muenchen.de

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

for the GINIplus Study Group¶

Membership of the the GINIplus Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

and LISAplus Study Group¶

Membership of the LISAplus Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SK CPB AvB DB UK B. Schaaf OH JH. Analyzed the data: MS. Wrote the paper: MS. Development of statistical analysis plan: EL JH. Lipid measurement: B. Stach TD JT. Interpretation of the findings: MS EL B. Stach SK CPB AvB DB UK B. Schaaf SR OH AB TD JT BK JH. Read and approved the manuscript: MS EL B. Stach SK CPB AvB DB UK B. Schaaf SR OH AB TD JT BK JH.