About the Authors

Samson S. Kiware

skiware@ihi.or.tz

Affiliations Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Nakul Chitnis

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Sarah J. Moore

Affiliations Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Gregor J. Devine

Affiliations Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Silas Majambere

Affiliations Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Stephen Merrill

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Gerry F. Killeen

Affiliations Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

While this study was independently funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, two of the authors have received funding support for other research projects from manufacturers of insecticidal public health products: Vestergaard Frandsen SA (GFK), Syngenta (SJM), Pinnacle Development (SJM) and SC Johnson (SJM). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SSK NC GFK. Performed the experiments: SSK GFK. Analyzed the data: SSK NC GFK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SSK NC GFK. Wrote the paper: SSK NC SJM GJD S. Majambere S. Merrill GFK.