About the Authors

Diane J. Berry

Contributed equally to this work with: Diane J. Berry, Karani S. Vimaleswaran

Affiliation Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Karani S. Vimaleswaran

Contributed equally to this work with: Diane J. Berry, Karani S. Vimaleswaran

Affiliation Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

John C. Whittaker

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Aroon D. Hingorani

Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Elina Hyppönen

e.hypponen@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

DJB, KSV, ADH, EH have declared that no competing interests exist. JW is the Director of Statistical Genetics at GlaxoSmithKline. The company had no role in the production of the paper, development or interpretation of the study questions or in the decision to submit for publication. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EH. Performed the experiments: DJB KSV EH. Analyzed the data: DJB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DJB KSV JCW ADH EH. Wrote the paper: KSV EH DJB ADH. Supervision of the statistical analysis: EH JCW ADH.