About the Authors

Sheila Isanaka

sisanaka@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Said Aboud

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Ferdinand Mugusi

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Ronald J. Bosch

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Walter C. Willett

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Donna Spiegelman

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher Duggan

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wafaie W. Fawzi

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Departments of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WWF FM. Performed the experiments: WWF FM SA RJB. Analyzed the data: SI. Wrote the paper: SI. Contributed to the development of this study's analytical strategy: WCW DS CD WWF. Data interpretation: SI SA FM RJB WCW DS CD WWF. Critically reviewed all sections of the text for important intellectual content: SI SA FM RJB WCW DS CD WWF.