About the Authors

Olivia Molenda

Affiliation Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Anya Reid

Affiliation Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Christopher J. Lortie

lortie@yorku.ca

Affiliation Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CJL. Performed the experiments: OM AR. Analyzed the data: OM CJL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CJL. Wrote the paper: CJL OM.