About the Authors

Andrea Marzi

Contributed equally to this work with: Andrea Marzi, Reiko Yoshida

Affiliation Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Reiko Yoshida

Contributed equally to this work with: Andrea Marzi, Reiko Yoshida

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Hiroko Miyamoto

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Mari Ishijima

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Yasuhiko Suzuki

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Megumi Higuchi

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Yukie Matsuyama

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Manabu Igarashi

Affiliation Division of Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Eri Nakayama

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Makoto Kuroda

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Masayuki Saijo

Affiliation Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Friederike Feldmann

Affiliation Office of Operations Management, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Douglas Brining

Affiliation Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Heinz Feldmann

Affiliation Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Ayato Takada

atakada@czc.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AT HF. Performed the experiments: AM RY HM M. Ishijima MH YM MK FF DB HF AT. Analyzed the data: AM RY M. Igarashi EN AT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YS M. Igarashi MS. Wrote the paper: AM RY EN HF AT.