About the Authors

Kirandeep Bhullar

Affiliation M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Nicholas Waglechner

Affiliation M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Andrew Pawlowski

Affiliation M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Kalinka Koteva

Affiliation M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Eric D. Banks

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America

Michael D. Johnston

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America

Hazel A. Barton

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America

Gerard D. Wright

wrightge@mcmaster.ca

Affiliation M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GDW HAB KB. Performed the experiments: KB AP KK. Analyzed the data: KB NW AP KK HAB GDW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MDJ EDB. Wrote the paper: GDW HAB KB.